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Tone, attitude and mood in poetry

Tone A good number of scholars give the same definition for tone and attitude. This is, however, very wrong because the two are different: tone is strictly about the voice used while attitude is about the meaning of that voice in terms of the feelings of the persona. Therefore, tone is the quality of the voice used by the persona in passing the message to the audience. In other words, it is how the persona sounds.  There is an overwhelmingly large number of words that can used to describe tone . Among them are: Formal Informal Optimistic Pessimistic Joyful  Sad Sincere Hypocritical Bitter Nostalgic Patronizing Condescending  Obsequious  Accusatory  indifferent  Sarcastic Ironic Satirical  Disapproval  Approval Romantic  There are very many descriptive words for tone . The poem My Papa's Waltz   uses a nostalgic tone to highlight the persona's condition of missing his old times with his father. Consider the second stanza quoted below....

How to write a summary

Summaries are usually set in paper 2, one of the three examinable English papers in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. It tests the ability of the candidate to reduce a long text to only a few sentences.  A summary must, therefore, be a shorter version of the original text. The process of shortening, however, must not lose any of the main ideas of the original text.  Summary is commonly set in question 1, comprehension , but can as well be set in question 2, extract from a compulsory text or even question 3, oral literature or poetry.  What to observe  1. Marks  allocated for the question i.e 6 marks imply that at least six responses (points)  are needed, each scoring a mark.  2. Prose -the responses must be combined to form a paragraph made of grammatical and sensible sentences. Do not write in point form because this is punishable. Any candidate writing in point form will score half the mark allocated for that answer.  3. Proper punct...

A Doll's House: Act 2

The setting is similar to that in the first act. The only difference is that the Christmas tree is in the corner beside the piano. The tree has been stripped of all its ornaments and has burntdown candle ends on its branches. Nora has no company in the room. She walks about uneasily, perhaps is disturbed by something. Her cloak and hat are lying on the sofa, and as she walks about, she stops by the sofa and takes it.  She's so worried that she does not want anyone to come in soon. This worry is what makes her think that someone is coming when no one is really coming. The nurse soon enters with news that she has found the fancy dress, but Nora is not even interested in it. In fact, she wishes to tear it into a hundred thousand pieces. She must be really disturbed by something. The nurse tells Nora that if she goes out looking for Mrs. Linde, she might catch a cold, considering the chilly weather outside. This makes her hint about her disappearance. She tells the nurse that a wor...

The Pearl: Synopsis

Synopsis The Pearl is a parable that mainly warns people against greed and selfishness. It is set in a village of fishing families in La Paz, Mexico, probably in the early 1900s. Calamity visits a family of three (Kino, his wife; Juana and Coyotito; their son) one early morning when they have just woken up and taken their breakfast. A scorpion stings Coyotito while sleeping in his hanging box, leading to the main conflict in the story. The entire village of Indians living in brush houses as a sign of their poverty is an initially peaceful place before the scorpion strikes. Villagers assemble at Kino's home and later accompany them to the doctor's house. He, however, turns them away by instructing his servant to tell them that he is not around. After being turned away, Kino embarks on a mission to look for a pearl in order to use it as a source of money for the treatment of his child. Meanwhile, Juana fetches poultice, which she uses in treating Coyotito's wound. Kino jumps ...

The Pearl: Chapter 1

It is very early in the morning near La Paz, when an Indian-Mexican known as Kino wakes up. He realizes that his wife is already awake as usual. Through the crack of his door, he can clearly see that is dawn. His house, just like those of his fellow villagers, is made up of brush straws. He looks at his son's makeshift bed, a box hanging on ropes, and sees his son sleeping comfortably. Juana wakes up, checks on their son, Coyotito, sleeping in the hanging box and goes on to make a fire. Kino rises from his bed, wraps himself in a blanket and goes outside the house to admire the sun that is now rising and clouds hovering all over the sky. Outside, he finds himself in the company of a dog and a goat as he stares at hardworking ants underfoot.  He looks at them "with the detachment of God." He can hear Juana's song as she nurses Coyotito. It is a simple song but it arouses thoughts in his mind. Kino goes back to the house, where Juana is busy working on her hair. They ta...

The Pearl: Chapter 2

It is very early in the morning near La Paz, when an Indian-Mexican known as Kino wakes up. He realizes that his wife is already awake as usual. Through the crack of his door, he can clearly see that is dawn. His house, just like those of his fellow villagers, is made up of brush straws. He looks at his son's makeshift bed, a box hanging on ropes, and sees his son sleeping comfortably. Juana wakes up, checks on their son, Coyotito, sleeping in the hanging box and goes on to make a fire. Kino rises from his bed, wraps himself in a blanket and goes outside the house to admire the sun that is now rising and clouds hovering all over the sky. Outside, he finds himself in the company of a dog and a goat as he stares at hardworking ants underfoot.  He looks at them "with the detachment of God." He can hear Juana's song as she nurses Coyotito. It is a simple song but it arouses thoughts in his mind. Kino goes back to the house, where Juana is busy working on her hair. They ta...

The Pearl: Chapter 3

News in the town spread faster than is expected. Before Kino and his fellow fishermen reach home, news of his finding of the pearl has spread in all parts of the town. By the time small running boys reach home to tell the story, their mothers have already heard about it. The news has spread beyond the brush houses and has now reached the town. The priest has heard about it and remembered that the church needed some repairs. He is also wondering whether he has baptized Coyotito and married Kino and Juana in church or not. The shopkeepers also hear about it and start looking at men's clothes that have not been bought yet. They know that Kino must buy new clothes now that he is rich. The doctor also hears the news and remembers that Kino is his client because he is ostensibly treating his child for a scorpion sting.   He imagines having good times in Paris in case he getw some money from Kino. The beggars also hear about it and are very expectant. Pearl buyers also get to hear th...